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dsa5 min read

Meta — Clone Graph (Deep Copy with DFS and HashMap)

Deep copy an undirected graph using DFS or BFS with a HashMap to track already-cloned nodes. Meta tests this to evaluate graph traversal, deep copy semantics, and cycle detection in recursive graph structures.

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dsa10 min read

Climbing Stairs — The Gateway Problem to 1D Dynamic Programming

LC 70 Climbing Stairs is the canonical introduction to 1D dynamic programming. The recurrence dp[n] = dp[n-1] + dp[n-2] is pure Fibonacci, and mastering why it works — recursion to memoization to tabulation — unlocks the entire family of staircase DP problems asked at Google, Amazon, and Meta.

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dsa10 min read

Min Cost Climbing Stairs — Adding a Cost Function to Fibonacci DP

LC 746 Min Cost Climbing Stairs extends the Climbing Stairs Fibonacci DP with per-step costs. The recurrence dp[i] = cost[i] + min(dp[i-1], dp[i-2]) computes the minimum total cost to leave each step. Asked at Amazon and Google as a direct test of whether you can adapt a known recurrence pattern under new constraints.

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