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Daily Temperatures — Monotonic Stack Waiting Days
For each day find how many days until a warmer temperature. Monotonic decreasing stack of indices; pop when warmer temperature found.
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Largest Rectangle in Histogram — Monotonic Stack
Find the area of the largest rectangle in a histogram. Monotonic increasing stack: when a shorter bar is found, pop and compute rectangle area using popped height and current width.
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Trapping Rain Water — Two Pointer O(1) Space
Calculate water trapped between bars. Two-pointer approach: maintain max_left and max_right; water at each position = min(max_left, max_right) - height.
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Remove Duplicate Letters — Greedy Monotonic Stack
Remove duplicates to get smallest lexicographic subsequence with all chars. Greedy: use monotonic stack, only pop if char appears later.
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Remove K Digits — Greedy Monotonic Stack
Remove k digits to get smallest number. Monotonic increasing stack: pop larger digits when they appear before a smaller one. Remove remaining from end.
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