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496 articles
You horizontally scaled your database to 10 shards, but 90% of traffic still hits just one of them. Writes queue, latency spikes, and one node is on fire while the others idle. This is the hot partition problem — and it's all about key design.
Master HTTP caching layers from browser to CDN. Learn Cache-Control directives, ETag validation, and production strategies for cache consistency.
Learn idempotency key design, idempotency stores with TTL, request fingerprinting, and CQRS deduplication patterns for safe retries.
Network timeout on a payment request. Client retries. Customer gets charged twice. This is the most expensive bug in fintech — and it's completely preventable with idempotency keys. Here's the complete implementation.
Idempotent AI: idempotency keys for retries, Redis caching, replay on retry, avoiding duplicate tool calls, database upserts, and webhook deduplication.