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A comprehensive guide to Platform Engineering — what it is, how it differs from DevOps, and how to build an Internal Developer Platform using Kubernetes, Backstage, Terraform, and GitOps. For platform engineers and DevOps leads investing in developer experience.
A complete tour of the seven advanced graph patterns FAANG interviewers test most: Kruskal and Prim MST, Tarjan SCC, bridges and articulation points, Floyd-Warshall all-pairs shortest path, Bellman-Ford with negative cycles, and A-star heuristic search. One pattern recognition guide that turns every advanced graph problem into a routine implementation.
LC 1584 Minimum Cost to Connect All Points and LC 1135 Connecting Cities are MST problems straight from the FAANG playbook. Master Kruskal: sort edges by weight, accept the cheapest edge that does not form a cycle using Union-Find, and prove correctness via the cut property in one sentence.
Master Prim's algorithm for Minimum Spanning Tree: grow a single tree from any starting vertex by repeatedly attaching the cheapest crossing edge using a min-heap. The dense-graph counterpart to Kruskal, asked at Google, Amazon, and Microsoft.
Master Tarjan's SCC algorithm: a single DFS pass with discovery times, low-link values, and an explicit stack to identify all strongly connected components in O(V + E). The interview gold standard for directed graph decomposition, asked at Google, Meta, and Uber.