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Prevent algorithm confusion attacks, implement safe key rotation, detect token theft with refresh token families, and secure JWTs with binding and revocation strategies.

Understand JWT stateless tradeoffs, session cookie security, token refresh rotation, and hybrid approaches. Learn when to use JWTs for service-to-service auth and why short TTLs matter.

Master consumer groups, offset management, exactly-once semantics, dead-letter queues, and consumer lag monitoring for production Kafka.

Scale Kubernetes workloads based on queue depth, Kafka lag, cron schedules, and custom metrics. Master KEDA architecture, combine with HPA, and optimize for cold starts and production reliability.

Six months in. $800k spent. The project isn't working. Sunk cost bias says keep going. The business case for stopping is clear. Making the engineering argument to kill a project — and knowing when you're right — is one of the hardest senior skills.